COURAGE

povezovanje zbirk

Nadškofijski arhiv v Ljubljani je ustanova, ki hrani cerkvene arhive. Ustanovljen je bil leta 1911. Prvi arhivist je bil Franc Pokorn. Njegova vloga v času komunističnega režima je bila ohranitev cerkvenega gradiva ljubljanske nadškofije, zlasti osebne zapuščine ljubljanskih nadškofov.

Osebje, zaposleno v arhivu, je bilo zvesto Katoliški cerkvi, in ​​ker je bila Cerkev diskriminirana in preganjana, so zaposleni imeli zadržke v odnosih z režimom. Med osebjem so tako kleriki kot tudi laiki. Eni in drugi so posvečeni svojemu poslanstvu ohranjanja gradiva cerkvenih arhivov. Po padcu režima je bila njihova dejavnost še naprej pomembna, ker so sistematizirali zbirke in jih dali na voljo javnosti.

Vloga Nadškofijskega arhiva je bila ključna pri ohranjanju zbirk, pomembnih za zgodovino Cerkve in njenih dejavnosti na območju ljubljanske nadškofije, pa tudi pri pomoči arhivom po župnijah na njenem področju in v drugih slovenskih škofijah.

Nastanek knjižnice je povezan z odlokom cesarice Marije Terezije iz leta 1774, s katerim je 637 knjig, ki so jih rešili ob požaru v jezuitskem kolegiju v Ljubljani, namenila za splošno uporabo v knjižnici, ki je bila tedaj ustanovljena pri ljubljanskem liceju. Ta je licejska knjižnica je v času francoske oblasti dobila pravico, da zbira izvode vseh tiskov in izdaj na področju Kranjske, pozneje pa s celotnega upravnega območja Ilirskih provinc. Nadaljnji razvoj je knjižnica doživela v času njenega voditelja Matije Čopa v 30. letih 19. stoletja. Po tem ko je ljubljanski licej prenehal delovati, je knjižnica postala pokrajinska študijska knjižnica (Intervju z Heleno Janežič).

Po prvi svetovni vojni 1919 je knjižnica preimenovana v Državno študijsko knjižnico in je postala osrednja knjižnica za celotno tedanjo Slovenijo. Dve leti pozneje, se pravi leta 1921, je uradno postala Državna biblioteka, ki je začela zbirati literaturo in izdaje s celotnega področja tedanje jugoslovanske države. Na osnovi zakona o univerzah je knjižnica leta 1938 dobila ime Univerzitetna knjižnica v Ljubljani, ker je bila v času med obema vojnama Ljubljana tudi univerzitetno središče. Načrte za novo stavbo univerzitetne knjižnice je izdelal Jože Plečnik v začetku 30. let. Knjižnica je današnjo podobo dobila leta 1941. Leta 1944 je bila bombardirana, po vojni pa obnovljena. Po letu 1945 se je najprej imenovala Slovenska narodna knjižnica, potem pa Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, to ime nosi tudi danes. Knjižnica ni sodelovala v opozicijskih aktivnostih, ampak je v formalnem smislu besede predstavljala ustanovo socialističnega režima v Sloveniji in Jugoslaviji. To še posebej ponazarja sam Dfond, kjer je bila knjižnica posebej angažirana v zbiranju prepovedane in nezaželene literature (Intervju z Heleno Janežič).

The National Archive of the Republic of Moldova (ANRM) is the most extensive document repository in the country and holds the most representative collection of archival sources in Moldova. In the interwar period, the Romanian administration created a branch of the State Archives in Bessarabia (1918–1925), which was later reorganised into the Chișinău Directorate of the State Archives (Direcția Arhivelor Statului Chișinău). Immediately after the Second World War, the Soviet authorities merged the former Bessarabian provincial archives (which were still holding files that had not been evacuated to Romania in 1944) and the former central archives of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (MASSR). As a result, two main archives were created in 1945: the Central State Historical Archive of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (MSSR) and the Central State Archive of the October Revolution and Socialist Construction of the MSSR. These two central archives were merged in 1958 under the name of the former. The National Archive in its current form was established in 1990, through the merger of the Central State Historical Archive of the MSSR with the Central State Archive of Photo- and Cinematographic Documents of the MSSR, which had been created in 1977. At present, the National Archive of the Republic of Moldova preserves all the historical archival collections belonging to various administrative, judicial, ecclesiastical, economic, and cultural institutions of Bessarabia during the period 1812–1944, with the exception of collections transferred to the Ukrainian regional archives of Odessa and Chernivtsi/Cernăuţi, as well as certain collections that were evacuated to Romania after 1944. The institution also holds archival materials of the MSSR from the administrative, economic, and cultural spheres, as well as the main administrative archives of the Republic of Moldova, including materials related to the governmental institutions, a number of private collections and personal archives, etc. The documents stored in the National Archive cover the economic, social, political, and cultural history of this area from the fifteenth century to the present. The archival holdings consist of over 947,000 files, grouped into around 2000 archival funds and collections. The archive also preserves a valuable collection of audio-video materials, numbering over 257,000 documents and other related materials. The history of the Moldavian SSR during the period 1940–1941 and 1944–1989 is reflected in several categories of archival documents, including papers issued by central government institutions, ministries, state committees and commissions, judicial organs and the Prosecutor General’s Office, various industrial enterprises, cultural and educational institutions, etc. In 2011, a number of collections formerly held in the Archive of the Intelligence and Security Service of the Republic of Moldova, mostly files dealing with significant and representative cases of opposition to the Soviet regime, were transferred to the National Archive. The transfer occurred as a consequence of the activity of the Commission for the Study and Evaluation of the Communist Totalitarian Regime in Moldova, which recommended it as a means of increasing the accessibility of these archival records. However, the transfer process is still incomplete, while the access of interested researchers and the wider public to these funds remains heavily restricted. 

Although the National Archives of Estonia started operating on 1 January 1999, the system of state archives was formed in the early years of the Republic of Estonia. On 3 March 1920, the Commission for Archives initiated the establishment of the Central State Archives in Tartu to preserve documents from historically important institutions, and the State Archives in Tallinn for documents from institutions that were still active.

During Soviet times, the archives were maintained but were restructured. At that time, the archives were controlled by Moscow.

The old structure was restored in the 1990s. According to the Archives Act adopted in 1998, the National Archives of Estonia started its activities at the beginning of 1999. The new structure included the Historical Archives in Tartu, the State Archives and the Film Archives in Tallinn, and 15 land archives all over Estonia. The structure of the National Archives changed in connection with the construction of the new main building of the archives. By 2017, the National Archives had structural units in Tartu, Tallinn, Rakvere and Valga.

The National Archives have made great efforts to digitise a large number of archival records which are available on its web page for digitalised archival sources, called Saaga.

The National Archives was founded in 1723 as a governmental archives and developed as such up until the socialist period. In 1949, the Archives became an integral part of a centralized archives structure, and its collecting activities extended over regional governmental organizations as well. A new department was established to manage the records of the communist governmental authorities.

Beginning in 1970. the National Archives played an increasingly important role in representing the post-war communist state. In 1970, the Archives was split into two organizations: a historical archives proper, which preserved all pre-1945 records, and a New Central Archives, which collected government records from 1945 excluding, however, party records.